How to Read Building Foundations Drawing Plans

Instructions

SO… You're ready to start that add-on, yous have received the plans from your architect or draughtsman just you can't brand head nor tail of them.
Maybe this section can assistance to enlighten you merely a little bit.
On the next page is a list of the plan drawings with explanations.

Working Plans are a prepare of plans from which the builders and other trades refer to and piece of work off throughout the construction of the project.

The working plans are also the plans that are submitted to the local edifice authority (along with any other documentation that might be required) when applying for a building permit.

A few sets of plans are usually required, ii or iii for the building authority when applying for permit and a varying number of sets to send out to tradesmen and building supply stores when seeking quotations.

No work can commence until such time equally the relevant authorization has given approving.

An approved (stamped) copy of the plans must be kept on the job at all times throughout structure. The edifice inspector will sign the approved plans every fourth dimension he does an inspection. All required inspections will be listed in the documentation accompanied with the approved plans.

Buildeazy has drawn upwardly a unproblematic set of working plans to explain the bits and pieces.

The plans are for an addition to a fictitious house.
Program and permit requirements vary from place to identify.

If contemplating drawing up your own plans or doing any building work inquire at your local building department to discover out what specific needs are leap by local building code or by local authority in order to obtain a building permit.

The example plans in this article are for a 34sq metres (366 sq ft) add-on to a fictitious house.
Structure is concrete slab floor, brick veneer, lumber frame and lightweight tile roof on lumber trusses.

Instructions connected

Working Plans

usually incorporate of the following:

Site plan:
The site plan (plot plan) shows the placement of the existing building and the proposed addition.
The site program also shows the site boundaries, location of services (tempest water, sewer etc.) and relative levels of floor, finished ground and services. Contour grids showing the ascent and fall of the land are needed for sloping sections.
Example and explanation of a site plan – Page 3

Foundation or Basis plan:
The foundation or basis programme shows the outlay and measurements of the foundation / footings and any required steel reinforcing.
Case and explanation of a foundation plan – Folio 4

Acme programme:
The height plan is more similar a drawing of the outside of the addition rather than a program although is even so drawn to scale. The peak program gives a good perspective of the addition to the untrained eye.
Example and explanation of an elevation plan – Page 5

Floor plan:
The flooring plan (footprint) shows the layout of the walls, likewise where the doors and windows are along with the sizes of the doors and windows, units such as vanities, baths etc and the designated uses of the rooms. The floor programme is to calibration and walls etc are dimensioned.
Instance and caption of a floor programme – Page vi

Roof programme:
The roof program shows a flat program view (looking down view) of the layout of the roof, and where the trusses / rafters etc are situated.
Example and caption of a roof program – Page 7

Bracing plan:
The bracing plan shows where the wall braces become and what type of bracing is required.
Example and explanation of a bracing programme – Page eight

Cross section plan and particular case:
The cantankerous section programme is a plan taken from a cross section of the floor plan. The cantankerous section line is marked past flags. The cross section shows construction, lumber sizes and room heights.
A particular plan is a accident up (magnified) part of the plan to requite clearer particular.
Example and explanation of a cross section plan and particular – Page 9

Specifications:
Specifications give a clarification of all the materials used, sizes, spacings etc and in some cases right down to what type of pigment to apply and how many coats.
Sometimes the specifications are on a split document but sometimes (mainly smaller jobs) the specifications are incorporated in the program drawings.

Site Programme

Site plan:
This site plan shows the placement and size of the proposed addition along with the storm water and sewer services. This program as well shows where the new sewer services volition connect into the existing line and the finished floor level (F.F.L.) in relation to the sewer manhole lid and sewer invert.
The plan is drawn to scale and includes boundary measurements plus the distance from the proposed addition to the purlieus.

Foundation programme

Foundation plan:
A: in the drawing above
These measurements marking the footings.
In this case the top line shows the overall measurement of the building width, the middle line shows the overall measurement of the building recesses and the bottom line shows where the concrete blocks go.

B: in the drawing in a higher place
These lines show where the block work and footings go. The continuous straight lines marker where the 200mm (viii″) concrete blocks go, and the continuous dotted lines mark where the 300mm (12″) wide footings get, 50mm (ii″) each side of the concrete block line.

C: in the drawing above
"300×300 (12″10 12″) perimeter footing with 2 D12 rods (2 #4 rebar) and D10 (#iii rebar) link/starters at 600crs (24″ O.C.) lap 600 (24″) into slab"
This means the footing will be continuous and 300mm (12″) broad and 300mm (12″) deep. The dotted lines on the plan marks the outline of the basis. Ii D12 rods (#iv rebar) run the length of the footing and are tied with tie wire to D10 (#three rebar) link/starters spaced every 600mm (24″) apart. The D10 (#3 rebar) link/starters must lap into the concrete slab at least 600mm (24″). For a ameliorate understanding take a look at the cross-section plan

Annotation: D12 rod means plain-featured steel 12mm thick. That is metric. The equivalent in royal (USA) is #four rebar, which is 1/ii″ thick.

D: in the drawing in a higher place
"Drill & epoxy 700 (28″) long D12 (#iv rebar) starters 100mm (four″) into existing slab and foundations at 600crs (24″ O.C.)."
This means drill 12mm (1/ii″) holes at least 100mm (four″) deep into the side of the existing concrete slab every 600mm (24″) apart. Gum into the holes (with epoxy) 700mm (28″) long pieces of plain-featured 12mm (1/two″) thick steel. This ties the new physical footings and concrete slab to the existing.

Note:
Steel rods (D12, D10 etc) can be purchased from about major building suppliers and comes in 6 metres lengths. Steel benders and cutters can be hired from near hire firms.
Notation:
In USA steel rods are called rebars and a D12 would be the same as #4 rebar which is 1/2″ thick. #2=1/4″, #three=3/8, #4=1/2″ then on in increments of i/8″ for every #1.

Elevation plan

Elevation plan:
The elevation program is more than like a drawing of the outside of the addition rather than a plan although is withal fatigued to scale. The elevation plan gives a good perspective of the addition to the untrained eye. Besides a visual idea of how the land slopes.

Floor programme

Floor plan:
The floor plan (footprint) shows the layout of the walls, too where the doors and windows are forth with the sizes of the doors and windows, units such as vanities, baths etc and the designated uses of the rooms.
The floor programme is to scale and walls etc are dimensioned.

Dimensions:
The dimensions given are overall external walls (building line), internal room measurements from wall to wall, thickness of walls external and internal.

Flags:
The pointed things in the higher up plan with number 1 on top of them. This marks the betoken of the cross section plan.

Doors:
The door widths marked on the floor plan are the actual width of the door and does non take into business relationship the door jambs or whatever play. For a door with standard jambs add another 50mm (2″) to the plan size for the opening.

Windows:
The window (aluminum) measurement on a floor plan is the box size. That is the exact size of the outside of the timber reveals or jambs surrounding the window, and so therefore the frame opening needs to be 10mm (3/8″) bigger than the window size on the plan.
For case, one of the window measurements in the above plan is 600×2200. (24″x 88″) This means the window is 600mm (24″) high and 2200mm (88″) wide so the opening built into the frame (trim size) needs to be 610mm (24 3/8″) high x 2210mm (88 3/8″) wide.

Roof plan

Roof plan:
The roof program shows a apartment plan view (looking down view) of the layout of the roof, and where the trusses / rafters etc are situated, along with any roof bracing requirements.

Bracing plan

Bracing plan:
The bracing plan shows where the wall braces go and what type of bracing is required.

Cross-section plan

Cross-department programme:
The cross section plan is a plan taken from a cross section of the floor program. The cantankerous section line in the flooring program is marked past flags.
The cross department plan shows structure, timber sizes and room heights and also a lot of specification information.
A detail programme is a accident upwards (magnified) function of the program to requite clearer item.

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Source: https://www.buildeazy.com/read-and-understand-plans/

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